For Windows 1/2 possibly the first version of Asymetrix Toolbook could be used? I don't know and I've never used it but it was first released in 1990 at about the same time as Windows 3.0, it would seem a bit limiting if it only supported what was then a brand new version of Windows that had yet to be up an installed base.
Win 3.0 would work with a PC, as long as it met the requirements
https://microsoft.fandom.com/wiki/Windows_3.0
But agreed, 1.x/2.x would be less demanding.
TBH, unless you just want to see it working there's no point running Windows 3.0 on a 5150. It is several times larger than Windows 2.x, you will have little free memory available, it will run very slowly and the only apps you'll get to run are the supplied ones and those designed for real mode (which usually will run on Windows 2.x anyway). Also if you only have CGA graphics although Windows 3 officially supports this it seems particularly unoptimised for it and the experience is far worse than running Windows 1/2 in CGA mode. EGA is the practical minimum and a lot of software will assume VGA as this very quickly became the norm. Anything that actually could take advantage of Windows 3 can't really do it on a 5150.Now I realize my mistake... I assumed that 3.0 was 286 or higher because 3.1 was 286 or higher. Even so, I think I'd prefer to stick with 2.0 for efficiency(and I already have it installed and working), as you pointed out.
Developing for Windows 1 and 2 requires a dual-headed machine with both a graphics card and a text only MDA card. The MDA card is needed to display debugging information,