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Friden EC-132

DrAlis

Experienced Member
Joined
Nov 11, 2021
Messages
318
Dear fellow friends of vintage computing, I likely had the luckiest find of my years in collecting old electronic machinery this week: a Friden EC-132 in almost perfect condition. I took several days to open it up, remove the little dust it had and take some precautions before powering it on. To my extreme joy it works (almost) perfectly!!! What an amazing machine! I am absolutely flabbergasted by this wonderful piece of history.

However, of course there are two things that aren't quite perfect. Firstly, the "Overflow Lock" key light is not shining when engaged, but the functionality is there. I likely will not want to take the risk of replacing that. Secondly, and this is maybe where you can help, it only shows the result register or register 1. The CRT shows four lines or four numbers on the screen. The lowest is the result register and it is also the brightest. In my case it is the only one I see.

Initially, I thought this is a brightness thing. Through age voltages / brightness might have gone down and all I need is a dark room or more intensity. I saw nothing in the dark. I found the intensity & focus knobs on the inside in the CRT section (adjusting voltages for flyback). Adjusting there helped nothing so I tried to educate myself. There is a 400MB+ service manual available for the very similar EC-130 here https://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/m-f130service.html It seems on page 126 of 161 they start to talk about how the display logic is and how the last line is the brightest. It turns out it draws 5 lines or more precisely it draws the last line twice and that is why it is brighter.

Unfortunately, this is where my expertise comes to an end. I can not comprehend the rest of the writing (FF N M P and all that). Neither do I know where to find this section in the physical machine. As I know there are many capable and helpful enthusiasts here, I ask for your ideas, please.IMG_5643.pngIMG_5630.jpeg
 
I have an EC-130 with issues as well. Debugging these is very challenging, as you are aware. You will need a set of card extenders at a minimum.

Since I was eager to understand how the system really functioned, I wrote some Verilog models based on the logic diagrams. They are as true to form as I could make them staying within the realm of Verilog—i.e., no analog modeling.


If you are able to run them using Verilator, you may be able to eventually learn what is not working by comparing various signals. I may have some ideas of where to look based on my understanding of the unit, but I don't know how much time I'll have to really dive in.

I will note that since your display is not displaying all of the registers on top of each other, but rather only displaying the first register, this would seemingly be an issue not with the analog display circuitry, but something digital prior to that.
 
Thanks for the resources @antiquekid3 ! That is incredible work you did there. Can't imagine how much time and skill this took to build! I will definitely dig into those materials / models soon. Looks awesome. More learning to do for me.

As everything else works so flawlessly (all calculations, decimals, even keyboard locking) I am wondering if someone purposefully switched off the other register displays to maybe make it look more modern or clean. I find it almost hard to believe to have such a 'nice' fault.

In the meantime, maybe someone finds the following screen capture I took as delightful as me. It is a short clip of the Friden EC-132 CRT while power cycling. This machine is just classy. As you turn it off the characters become tiny before they disappear (as the deflection voltages collapse). When turning back on, the characters come flying in from the lower outer space. I am sure @Hugo Holden would have a detailed explanation for that behavior :)

Cheers!

copy_5D499C2E-4B78-4752-B129-104726CB83E0.gif
 
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Did you play with all of the adjustment pots? My display was really messed up but after 3D printing some knobs (because mine didn't have any), I was able to fix the display properly. In your case, it sounds like it's the Intensity but you can see where most of the adjustments are with the blue adjustment knobs. Intensity and Focus don't have those blue knobs as they are next to the CRT, if I recall correctly. I am sure all adjustments are noted in the manual. You also might try some contact cleaner on those pots.

Friden EC-132 - cover removed.jpg

Mine looks like this:

Friden EC-132 - front.jpg
 
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These are the weirdest calculators I have ever seen. I have seen ones with paper tape, LED and LCD but with CRT? Never. Great looking!
 
And all that without a single integrated circuit, no graphics card, not even binary encoding as far as I understand it! I have some later calculators and they even seem to have a higher component count with less functionality (ie. no root).

@snuci : I played with the intensity adjustment. When lowered brightness decays, when highered the display breaks somehow ie. the characters seem overlayed and garbled. I put it back to where it was and happy to see the single line again. I will not play with the other adjustments because according to documentation they will not help me and only likely distort my display. Very pretty machine you got there running, btw!

On a different note: I tried to give AI the manuals and find the problem for me using some deep research tool (takes 10min+ to process). It gave me some incredibly detailed answers. It even found this very post and included it into its research. Its main suspect was a TCX5 column counter and some gates O-126 and O-123, which I fail to find in the documentation or physical machine so far. It might be hallucinating and I have little hope it really helps, but the output looks impressive from the simple read of it.

Very interesting times. Well, next I will try to get the simulator running.
 
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And all that without a single integrated circuit, no graphics card, not even binary encoding as far as I understand it!
That made me search for more info and I'm completely baffled! Just a 'few' transistors ans delay lines as memory, how can that work at all? Just to write a screen with several rows with numbers and decimal points on a CRT, I think I would need at least a micro-controller to be able to do that. The more respect for those folks who invented that.
 
@antiquekid3 it took me a couple of hours including undusting a linux installation, but I got your simulator too work. First I thought it is behaving strangely until I realized I am in super duper slow motion. Which is actually the cool part as you can really watch it do its thing! Amazing work!

Could you guide me to how I would go about simulating failures? Which files to look at or edit? In fact, I only have the terminal simulation, so now GUI shows up - how can I look at signals etc? I am afraid I don´t have enough background to make this a viable debugging route for me but I am willing to give it a try. Thank you!

 
Could you guide me to how I would go about simulating failures? Which files to look at or edit? In fact, I only have the terminal simulation, so now GUI shows up - how can I look at signals etc?
My first recommendation is follow some Verilator tutorials to learn how these simulations are normally run. But in essence, running `make trace` should produce a trace file that can be opened by GTKWave.

As far as trying to modify the Verilog to produce an error, you'll want to look in top.v, but this whole process is going to be very challenging without complete schematics for you to follow in the real hardware. Someone started capturing the schematics in KiCad, but ran out of steam.


I wish I were retired so I could devote all my time to these sorts of projects.
 
I guess I have the same wish about time availability & retirement. :)

I did look through top.v and even found TCX5 wire, the one the AI analysis pointed me to. For fun, I messed with the assign statement of the wire and removed first and alternatively the second argument of the OR operator. In one case it made no observable difference and in the other it broke everything. :)

Well this detailed debugging is definitely out of my league, as I can't interpret schematics. I might play with looking at the waveforms.

Also, I am not sure if your simulator even bothers with simulating the display and rather just shows the register content. My machines register work and are correctly filled, just the display procedure somehow has a mishap.

I think I will need to be happy with this calculator. It works after all. You just can only see one register, but that is still enough and what most other calculators do anyway.
 
That is also a nice resource. But why are there copyright all over the pictures? Kind of ruins all the pictures and I am not sure there are a lot of commercialization options protected through that. Awesome collection though!

an example of someone who doesn't get how the world works in 2025.
"Friden Calculator Collection" with a (c) on it??? give me a break

and I find defacing images intensely offensive.

what is it with calculator collectors anyway??
 
Also, I am not sure if your simulator even bothers with simulating the display and rather just shows the register content.
The closer I got to the CRT, the more I had to get creative with simulating the analog realm in digital. You should very much be able to find a signal derived from two flip-flops that set the Y position of the registers on the display. That's where I'd begin and probably work back from there.

If you look at the ec130_gl version, you can see I'm simulating the display fairly accurately.

I'd be curious if you take out the boards and unfold them if you see any sign of modification.
 
what is it with calculator collectors anyway??
I'm sure Dr. Christopher Kavanau (the fact he has to specify that tells you something already) would send you better pictures if you paid him. I think the copyright is more him trying to lay claim that they are HIS photos that HE found and you can only share them if you include they originated form HIM.

If his museum website is anything like his personality he's both a narcissist and completely unqualified.
 
...maybe if it was a professional photographer who was paid to take the pics. He would copyright his work.
But even those are rare today, as everyone has a good camera available.
Still, likely a myopic individual.
 
Also, if you like this machine, consider the HP-9100.
It's a desktop calculator with a CRT, plus scientific functions, programmable, and with a magnetic card reader.
1968 vintage.
-J
 
...maybe if it was a professional photographer who was paid to take the pics. He would copyright his work.
They aren't even his photos. He's rent seeking solely for the claim of he has the only masters and you can't have them unless you pay for a copy.
Also it's been nearly two years and that deranged mess of a page hasn't been updated.
 
Also, if you like this machine, consider the HP-9100.
It's a desktop calculator with a CRT, plus scientific functions, programmable, and with a magnetic card reader.
1968 vintage.
-J
That is a nice one, too. Now, I just got to find one to buy and play with :)
 
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