Possibly, all is ok with the replacement transformer.
. . .
I would suggest, take the socket off the CRT base for now (leaving the CRT's EHT clip safely connected to the CRT as usual), re-power it (with everything else connected normally) and take a recording of the output transistor's emitter current, and we will confirm first that the transformer is working normally. If so, then we will find you a new CRT, because we never give up.
Thanks a lot for your comments, Hugo. Indeed, yesterday I was not sure whether it would be all right to power on with the neck pcb board disconnected, so I didn't proceed, just to be safe, even though my guess was that the transformer was likely to work properly. Today I found from googling that for small CRTs it would not be too dangerous. And at the right moment, just when I returned home, you confirmed it clearly. Thanks! I will post again after I confirm that the transformer works well.