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When DHL Made a Computer!

fargo

Experienced Member
Joined
Dec 6, 2019
Messages
223
One of the rarest items in my collection is a keyboard for a computer/word processor made by DHL, the renowned carrier!

dhl-1000-keyboard.jpg

When DHL expanded into the Middle East markets, it required a computerized system to facilitate printing and communication in the Arabic language. After searching for a ready solution, they couldn’t find one, so they decided to create their own! The result was the DHL 1000 word processor, which was introduced to the market in 1979. The company utilized the system in its offices in the Middle East and also offered it to local companies there.

DHL-1000-Conept-Design.jpg
A sketch concept for the system during the design phase.

The system comprised:
  • CPU with an RS232 port for communication
  • storage unit with two or four 240KB disks
  • bilingual daisy wheel printer
  • terminal with a 12-inch 90-character wide CRT and keyboard
DHL-1000.jpg
 
Wow! Interesting!
I know of several computers that came later into the Middle East.
Mostly of them MSX, but also the SAGA PBS-800 (one of three remaining has arabic keyboard).
Still, they came later on.
 
Thats a pretty incredible piece of history. I wonder if someone's got a real one operating somewhere.
DHL has mentioned it several times in its recent publications. I hope they still have one or more of these in a warehouse somewhere!
 
You know, given how central computers are to all our daily lives, I just cannot wrap my head around why computer history museums aren't more common. I feel like every town otta have at least one good-sized display window somewhere. I should get in touch with the children's learning center and see if I can put a display together for them...
 
I’m right there with you. I actually looked into starting a museum myself at one point because I love the idea so much.

The reality check for me was the cost. It turns out they are incredibly difficult to run financially. However, I think a display at a learning center is the perfect workaround. It keeps the costs low but still gets the history out there. I hope you go for it!
 
Woah! I didn't know DHL made a computer! What does it run? Is it a IBM clone or a BASIC machine?
 
I wonder how many of these got made, or if any documentation survives.

Never even heard of this one before.
 
I wonder how many of these got made, or if any documentation survives.

Never even heard of this one before.
Documentation probably is wiped to ash, unless there's a collector out there with docs and the unit.
 
Woah! I didn't know DHL made a computer! What does it run? Is it a IBM clone or a BASIC machine?
The DHL 1000 preceded the IBM PC by a couple of years. The system targeted clerks and secretaries, and hence no programming language was available for end-users AFAIK. It was a closed system with only three main applications available: word processing, “manifesting," and billing.


I wonder how many of these got made, or if any documentation survives.
According to DHL documentation, "by 1984 over 500 machines had been deployed in DHL offices." The company also sold the system to other companies, so it’s reasonable to estimate that approximately 1000 machines were produced.
 
According to DHL documentation, "by 1984 over 500 machines had been deployed in DHL offices." The company also sold the system to other companies, so it’s reasonable to estimate that approximately 1000 machines were produced.
I think it'd be around 1560 computers produced.
 
I worked for the DHL subsidiary Rapid Data in Hong Kong from January 1979 to February 1980, on the DHL 1000.

Larry Hillblom (co-founder and the 'H' of DHL) was a bit of a visionary. Having established a world-wide courier service, he believed that the next step was to send documents electronically instead of physically, using DHL-built word processors with communications capability, to be installed in DHL offices and also sold to DHL customers. To this end, he set up Rapid Data as a subsidiary: his uncle Walt, an electronics engineer, ran the hardware design and development shop in Los Gatos CA; Jane Chung, the wife of the brother of his Far East manager, an IT specialist, ran the programming office and oversaw the factory in Hong Kong; and his Middle East management team in Bahrain ran the sales and marketing operation. We sold some of the initial production to government departments in Bahrain, but by early 1980 I wasn’t aware of any other deployments.

We used a two-floppy-drive Intel MDS development system to program the 8080-based system, using 8080 assembler. The description in fargo’s earlier post is largely accurate, however the system was originally developed for English-language use, and we later retrofitted Arabic-language support. The overall system design was not original, it was essentially a clone of the Wang 5 word processor. The engineering team had no prior experience with microprocessor-based systems, leading to a number of serious design errors and necessary re-engineering.

In early 1980 the software development was moved to the Los Gatos office, and I left the company.

I find it extremely hard to believe any of the statistics above about number of systems manufactured and deployed; I’d be interested to know the source. If it was marketing material, I'd think these numbers were projections.

Those who would like to read more about DHL in its earlier days, and about Rapid Data in particular, should read Jane Chung’s book “DHL: Three Letters That Shrank The World”, if you can find it (Amazon says it’s still available for Kindle; Apple Books claims to have it still, in paper).
 
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I worked for the DHL subsidiary Rapid Data in Hong Kong from January 1979 to February 1980, on the DHL 1000.
Thank you! This is the first first-hand account of the DHL 1000 I've come across anywhere, and it fills in things no document I have could tell me. The 8080 and the Intel MDS toolchain in particular.

A few things I'd love to ask, if you don't mind and if memory allows:

Do you still have anything from that period — photographs, manuals, schematics, internal memos, sales material, or any of the Datalink newsletters? Even poor phone snaps of paperwork would be worth preserving.

On the Arabic retrofit: do you remember how it was actually done? Whether the letter shaping and right-to-left layout were handled in software or in the character generator hardware, and whether the Arabic daisy wheel shaped any of those decisions?

Roughly how much RAM did a machine ship with? And is "Walt" the same person some DHL material calls Alan "Waldo" Walden, or two different people?

Lastly — do you know whether any complete machine survived, at Rapid Data, DHL, or with a former colleague? I have the keyboard and some documentation; the rest of my unit is missing, and as far as I can tell no complete example is known to exist anywhere.

Whatever you can add, thank you for what you've already shared.
 
I'm glad you enjoyed the detail. As I mentioned, I bailed on the company and the project in early 1980, as the software work was being moved to Los Gatos CA, and I had neither an invitation nor the desire to work in California; I just went back “home” to Toronto.

The only thing I still have is a brochure for the DHL1000, but at the moment I don't know where it is. I never kept any hardware. I'm going through a lot of "archives" in my house now, so if/when I come across the brochure I'll scan it and post a copy here.

I did most of development / adaptation of the printing software for the Arabic version (after completely rewriting the standard English version, the original code was pathetic), but had no involvement on the Arabic side of the hardware work, so can't tell you about display issues. AFAIK we just substituted an Arabic keyboard for an English one (USA not UK) so the internal storage would have just been the ASCII it generated.

In Arabic, characters have up to four forms: initial, final, middle (i.e., between two other characters), and standalone. The Daisy printwheel for Arabic (not too sure, I think it was called Naksh) had all the elements to print all characters properly, plus diacriticals, but some printing characters had to be made up of more than one impression plus maybe diacriticals. The first processing of a print line was to create the set of print impressions from the ASCII characters, including up and down platen rotations for subscript/superscript diacriticals. Then, once the line length was determined, I had to take the current position of the print wheel [it was left wherever it ended up after each line was printed], figure out the least travel to start the new line from left to right or vv., reposition the wheel, and if necessary reverse the whole current line and change ups to downs and left travel to right and vv. as required.

I learned the tiniest bit of Arabic as I worked through this. First was a trip to one of the English-language bookstores in Kowloon to get a book (in English) on written Arabic. Then, as I progressed with the code, I'd print sample documents and run them by Nadia, our in-house consultant on Arabic, and let her point out issues. She was Lebanese, could speak and read Arabic but not write it, was never formally taught the language so could not give us formal spelling and grammar rules. Challenges! We occasionally had visitors from the Bahrain office, who also reviewed and provided comments as necessary.

As to Walt and "Waldo" - two different people.

Walt (Walter) Hillblom was Larry Hillblom's uncle, an electrical engineer, and had worked at IBM and at one of the disk drive manufacturers of the day (might have been Memorex, not sure). Larry set up a company in Los Gatos, and hired Walt and a bunch of his cronies to design and prototype the system. In some ways, and just coincidentally, I often knew and understood more about hardware and microprocessors systems than they did. Two glaring design errors were made: 1) there was no disk change interrupt, so when a user swapped floppies, the system didn't know, and kept merrily writing data to sectors as described in the FAT that had been loaded into memory from the previous floppy - you can guess the results…; and 2) there were no bypass capacitors on the power traces to the memory chips, so random memory errors were common due to minor voltage fluctuations and current draw. Both got fixed after a lot of arguing from me (just some know-it-all Canadian kid, in their view).

Alan ("Waldo") Walden was an Aussie who ran DHL's Middle East operations out of Bahrain. I think he got there courtesy his father (Bill? Walden) providing some financial or management consulting to DHL - I never got a clear story, this may not be quite right.

I have no idea what happened to the system(s?) in Bahrain, I suspect they were eventually junked, and I don't recall any being delivered into Saudi Arabia by the time I left. No idea about other locations / countries.
 
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You know, given how central computers are to all our daily lives, I just cannot wrap my head around why computer history museums aren't more common. I feel like every town otta have at least one good-sized display window somewhere. I should get in touch with the children's learning center and see if I can put a display together for them...
we aren't most people, most people just see old computers as old unless tech to be tossed.
 
and most ccmp'ers seem perfectly happy to see any tech they had no personal experience with e-wasted.
they certainly expect someone else to foot the bill to preserve it.
 
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