The largest I have heard in the concept (although it also adds RAM, and is a 32-bit microchannel adapter) is 340Mb: http://www.IBMMuseum.com/ohlandl/misc/kingston_dc.html#KTM-DC32 (the drive is a laptop IDE design, so there may be the possibility of it supporting an even bigger drive)...
I'm not sure but I think there are newer hardcards so the biggest one you find may not be 8-bit. Just as an FYI, I kinda recall having one in our 386. Not sure if I ever tried it in our Zenith 8088.