The second one is a generic full-length Taiwanese multi-io card for 8-bit XT systems. I have one almost just like it. The headers are 360k/720k FDC, COM 2, COM 1 (both for large DB-25 backplate connectors) and ones the end are a joystick port and parallel port. It also has an integrated real time clock, accessible with commonly available XT clock drivers. To use COM 2 you would need to add a second UART and line driver chips.
Not sure exactly what all the jumpers are specifically, but they would select the parallel as LPT1 or LPT2, and the com ports as COM1/2, COM2/3, COM3/4, or COM 4.
That last one is very, very unusual. It sort of looks like a CPU card, (is that socketed chip a CPU? What does it say on it?) but it looks like it has an integrated FDC and MFM or RLL controller, so it could be some really fancy smart hard drive controller with a pile of hardware RAM cache.