No, there is no configuration for the keyboard. I think that if the keyboard works when you disconnect it and connect it again, is related to the capacitor problem. At least one of my PS/1 keyboards behave like yours and I fixed it replacing those capacitors.Now I am wondering if the keyboard has to be reconfigured to get a normal startup from a cold boot.
If I recall correctly the common keyboard error is 301 (keyboard missing). I don't know what exactly means the 303 error, but is related to keyboard / 8042 controller for sure.