IMHO, for home users reading email, web surfing, streaming video - we've long gone past when Moore's law meant anything to them. One only needs to look at tablets and/or smart phones as proof.
I'm not a physicist. I do know that atmospheric modeling, nuclear testing and the like require some sort of deep parallelism approach to perform calculations. The level of mathematics is quite complex and beyond the scope of most people, including me.
In finance and banking, modeling is less complex and more two dimensional oriented. Even with deeply nested cells 5000 x 5000, modern spreadsheets can do multiple regression analysis with statistical significance testing rather quickly. Running R calculations with using Matrix mathematics can get more complex. But again, a decent workstation can handle that part pretty quickly with off the shelf parts. Speed is more critical to decision making which is why low latency is the preferred attribute over brute force cpu power.
I suspect that as AI takes on a greater decision making roles, the requirements for computing resources in finance will change dramatically as decision making systems take on more responsibility and independence with little or no oversight.
Geoff, MSF MBA