They are not impossible measurements. These are basic, fundamental measurement techniques that you HAVE to learn if you want to use an oscilloscope...
We will need to insert trimmers (notice plural) in place of R15 (2.7k) and R11 (10k). These are the resistors that control the pulse lengths of the other monostables - one a delay time and the other a pulse length (if I remember correctly).
However, you will have to do the same as we did with R14 - by inserting a suitable fixed resistor in series with a suitable potentiometer.
So you are going to bang your head into the wall again with selecting the fixed resistors and potentiometers to use.
The fixed resistor needs to be suitable so that winding the potentiometer to one end of the limit does not short anything out - so needs to be 5-10% (or so) of the current value of the associated resistor we are replacing. The potentiometer should be larger than the current value of the associated resistor we are replacing (say by a factor of 2).
The aim is to significantly reduce and increase the variability of the resistance around the current value of the fixed resistor to tweak the timing.
Of course, these potentiometers need to be multiturn devices - so as to achieve the desired accuracy of setting the pulse durations.
Does this make sense?
Dave